What do childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in depressed adults tell us about the bipolar spectrum?
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND This study aims to establish if adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms would be more frequently within the bipolar spectrum than depressed patients without childhood ADHD. METHODS This study was carried out in outpatients recruited by psychiatrists in private practice, with 3963 participants being included in the final sample. Clinicians filled out questionnaires about current depressive symptoms in their patients, lifetime bipolar symptoms, global assessment of functioning and parental history of both major depression and bipolar disorder. Patients assessed current level of anxiety and depressive symptoms and antecedents of childhood ADHD symptoms. RESULTS Depressed adults with significant childhood ADHD symptoms had a specific pattern of their major depressive episode compared to depressed patients without such symptoms. Subjects with childhood ADHD symptoms were more likely to report lifetime symptoms of mania/hypomania and to have a parent with type I or II bipolar disorder. The developmental trajectories of familial risk for lifetime bipolar symptoms showed that parental bipolar disorder influenced lifetime bipolar symptoms both through a direct pathway and an indirect pathway involving childhood ADHD symptoms. Childhood ADHD and number of depressive symptoms both made direct contributions to lifetime bipolar symptoms.
منابع مشابه
Comparison of manic and depressive symptoms between children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders.
OBJECTIVE To compare the most severe lifetime (current or past) mood symptoms, duration of illness, and rates of lifetime comorbid disorders among youth with bipolar spectrum disorders [BP (bipolar-I, bipolar-II and bipolar-not otherwise specified)]. METHODS A total of 173 children (<12 years) with BP, 101 adolescents with childhood-onset BP, and 90 adolescents with adolescent-onset BP were e...
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Evaluating Sleep Disorders amongst Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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متن کاملAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adulthood: diagnosis, etiology and therapy.
INTRODUCTION Until the late nineties, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was often regarded in Germany as a disorder that fades away in late adolescence. However, it has recently become clear from numerous studies that core symptoms of ADHD persist into adulthood in a substantial subgroup of patients. METHODS Selective review of relevant literature in Medline, up to September...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Psychiatry research
دوره 249 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017